Conclusion

          All this raises a seeminglys frightenng question: If conformity and rigidity are necessary requisites of organization, and if these in turn help stifle creativity, and furthermore if the creative man might indeed be stifled if he is required to spell out the details needed to convert his ideas into effective innovations, does all this mean that modern organizations have  evolved into such involuted monsters of administration that they must suffer the fearful fate of the dinosaur-too big and inwiedly to survive?
          The answer is no. First, it is questionable whether the crative impulse will automatically dry up if the idea man is required to take some responsibility forfllow-through. The people who so resolutely proclaim their own creative energies will scarcely assert that they need a hothouse for its flowering. Second, the large organization has some important attributes that actually facilitate innovation. Its capacity to distribut risk over its broad economic base and among the many individuals involved in implementing newness is enormous. Its resources and capacities make it both economically and, for the individuals involved, personally easier to break untriedground.
          What often misleads people is the false assumption that to make big operating changes also requires making big organizational changes. Yes it is precisely one of the great virtues of a big organization that, in the short run at least, its momentum is irreversible and its organizational structure is, for all practical purpose, nearly impenetrable. A vast machinery exist to serious attention, no matter how exotically revolutionary a big operating or policy change may be. The boat can and may have to be rocked, but pne virtue of a big boat is that it takes an awful lot to rock it. Certain people or departments in the boat may feel the rocking more that others, and to that extent strive to avoid the incidents that produce it. But the built-in stabilizers of bigness and of group decision making can be used as powerful influences in encouraging people to risk these incidents.